Overdose of paracetamol to relieve headaches after drinking alcohol can cause liver damage and toxicity.
Drinking alcohol causes the body to lose water, acetaldehyde increases, blood pressure decreases because the blood vessels supplying the brain are enlarged. Consequences of blood vessel dilation, including cerebral blood vessels, cause headaches and discomfort. Many people after drinking often use pain relievers such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) to control headaches.
Dr. BS Nguyen Thi Minh Duc - Head of the Department of Neurology, Center for Neurology, Tam Anh General Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, said that the liver is responsible for metabolizing paracetamol and alcohol. Drinking too much alcohol and paracetamol at the same time makes the liver work harder, which can lead to dangerous side effects. Paracetamol alone can cause liver toxicity (hepatotoxicity) if taken in excess. Intoxication in this case can cause acute liver failure.
Dr. Minh Duc explained, paracetamol is metabolized in two ways. First, the body processes about 90% of the drug through a process called glucuronidation. This process does not produce any dangerous by-products. Second, the drug breaks down the liver enzyme CYP2E1 by 5-10% during metabolism. This process produces a toxin called NAPQI. In response, the liver produces an antioxidant called glutathione that the body uses to remove toxins before it can build up and cause liver damage. When alcohol enters the liver, it increases the activity of CYP2E1, so the body produces more NAPQI toxins.
Alcohol also reduces glutathione production, which means NAPQI is more likely to build up in the liver at dangerous concentrations. Overdose of paracetamol can cause acute liver damage, liver failure and death in severe cases.
Taking paracetamol in high doses or with alcohol can cause some side effects such as pain, bleeding or stomach ulcers; liver damage; fast heart beat. The risk of this serious side effect may be higher for people with an alcohol use disorder. Damage can impair the liver's ability to perform important functions. This organ not only filters toxins out of the blood, but also aids in blood clotting and plays an essential role in the digestion of food.
Symptoms of liver damage include yellowing of the skin and eyes; pain in the upper right side of the abdomen or below the ribcage, abdominal swelling, nausea and vomiting, excessive sweating, loss of appetite, fatigue, unusual bruising or bleeding under the skin.
Note the correct use of drugs
Doctor Minh Duc said, the way to reduce the risk of liver damage is to take paracetamol no more than 3,000 mg in a day or 650-1,000 mg after 4-6 hours. Adults should check the medicines they use before taking the medicine to see if they contain paracetamol. Because there are many cases of patients taking many drugs that these drugs combine with paracetamol in the ingredients, leading to an unknown overdose.
Drinking alcohol while taking paracetamol is also generally not recommended. Alcohol headaches will slowly go away after the body has eliminated the alcohol. If you are sick and need to take medicine (even if not paracetamol), you should not drink alcohol. The reason is that there are many drugs that interact with alcoholic beverages, especially those metabolized by the liver. If it is necessary to use paracetamol to treat illness after drinking alcohol, take it according to the advice and do not exceed the recommended dose.
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Minh Duc said, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) currently requires paracetamol sold in the US to be labeled with a warning that if you drink 3 or more glasses of alcohol a day (about 75 ml). Ask your doctor if you should take paracetamol or other pain relievers or fever reducers. Canada has also issued a warning about the possibility of liver damage in heavy drinkers who exceed the recommended dose of paracetamol.
When having a headache caused by alcohol or beer, drinkers should find ways to relieve pain such as drinking lots of water, especially lemon juice to supplement vitamin C and electrolytes, limit the impact of alcohol on the nerves . Vomiting to quickly eliminate large amounts of alcohol and beer from the body. Eating thin porridge or hot soup helps replenish sodium and potassium salts, the body recovers quickly.