A New Technique To Evaluate Synthetic Tissue Obtained Through Bioengineering blog by emma salak

A New Technique To Evaluate Synthetic Tissue Obtained Through Bioengineering
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Organ engineering to swap broken hearts or kidneys into the human body may also seem like something out of a sci-fi movie, but the building blocks of this technology are already in place. In the burgeoning area of tissue engineering, living cells are developed on artificial scaffolds to structure organic tissue. But to consider the efficiency with which cells build up in tissue, researchers want a reliable approach to show cells as they interbreed and multiply.

Now, scientists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have developed a noninvasive technique to count the number of living cells on a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold. The real-time method takes millimeter-scale snapshots of areas to investigate cell viability and how cells are distributed within the scaffold, a necessary functionality for researchers making complicated organic tissues from easy substances, such as living cells. .

Their findings have been published in the Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A.

First, the researchers created a 3D scaffolding device made of a community of polymer molecules that can hold large amounts of water, forming a kind of tissue known as a hydrogel. The 3D hydrogel was then embedded with a kind of human white blood phone that can reproduce infinitely.

Cells can be very sensitive to the environment in which they are grown: if a researcher wants to see the rise of bone cells rather than breast tissue, they want to grow them under specific conditions. Furthermore, the scaffolds that house cells are also made of unique substances and can serve a variety of purposes.

"The structure holds things in place and provides a microenvironment for whatever you want from the cells. You have to tune the structure to make the cells behave in a safe way," said NIST biologist Carl Simon.

The team then used a non-invasive imaging approach called optical coherence tomography (OCT), which is like an ultrasound test, with nothing more than sound waves, it uses soft waves.

"To decide if a mobile phone is alive, we look at the optical signal created due to the movement of organelles inside cells," said NIST physicist Greta Babakhanova, first author of the paper. The researchers detected the action of the organelles through shining light through the cells. They labeled the cells as alive or possible when the organelles were moving, which is indicated through changes in transmitted light.

The NIST approach is non-invasive and samples may not need to be cut or stained. Furthermore, the technique is tagless: cells no longer wanted the fluorescent molecules recognized as "tags" attached to them in order to be seen. Previous strategies required constant contact with samples, which can be negative and costly, and affect results. In addition, the new method reduces the time researchers spend on their measurements from hours to minutes.

The approach also differs from previous strategies that recall on flat two-dimensional samples. “The downside of current methods is that you can measure a positive number of cells, but you don't know where they are located. With this technique we can imagine a one millimeter dice of hydrogel and see where the cells are. placed inside the gel," Babakhanova said.

The 2D methods also don't work as well because they don't intentionally mimic the 3D microenvironment that cells navigate in the body, Babakhanova said.

As a further step, the researchers are looking to use the method to learn other properties, such as the shape of the biofabricated tissue. "OCT strategies may also be able to nondestructively measure individual buildings evolving as tissues mature in real time as a measure of their readiness for implantation," Simon said.

Meanwhile, the approach already fills an unmet need in tissue engineering, with its ability to detect the number and combination of cells on an artificial scaffold, as well as having to disassemble and destroy it.

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